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初中英语语法三大从句总结

3.0 2024-08-29 1 0 19.33KB 5 页 6库币 海报
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宾语从句
定义
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词
that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.
Whether/if:Idontknowwhatthewordmeans.
Wh”:Idontknowwhatthewordmeans.
Idontknowwherehefoundthebook.
用 whether 的情况
1.与 ornot 连用:
Idontknowwhetherit’srainingornot.
2.与动词不定式连用:
Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.
3.连接词前有介词时:
Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.
时态
1.主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)
Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.
2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
3.
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
定语从句
定义
在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词
词指who/that
词指which/that
定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后
三、关系代词
关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词
翻译“….
Whom:行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与 who
的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用 whom
1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.
2.Idontliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.
Whose:指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”
eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.
关系代词只能that的特殊情况:
1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:
Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.
2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:
ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
3.先行定代词 something,anything 等.
e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop
4.先人和,用 that.
e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.
5.被 all,little,theonly,thevery(),thelast,
用 that
e.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.
6.特殊以 who或 which,只用 that 引导.
Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?
当关系代词前使用介词时:
+介词+which;人++whom
当关系代词前使用介词时:
e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.
2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.
状语从句
定义
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词) 、
定语或状语,或是整个句子。
二、状语从句一般分为八大类
时间状语从句地点状语从句
原因状语从句目的状语从句
结果状语从句条件状语从句
方式状语从句让步状语从句
1.时间状语从句
When---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。
WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.
When---或 beaboutto
译的时候,when可以译成没想到或突然。
Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.
When当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。
SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.
When=after
Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.
While---在……期间,往往指一段时间。
WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.
While---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。
Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.
As---……,
Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.
As---当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。
AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.
Themoment---一………=assoonas,immediately,
---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?
---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.
Not…until---直到
Hedidntleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.
Before---在之前
The  passengers  should  arrive  at  the  airport  an  hour  before  the  flight
departs.
After---在…
Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticket
agent.
Since---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时
IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.
Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.
Assoonas---一………
Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.
Nosoonerthan---…就
nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装
Hardlywhen
Scarcely…when
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.
Once---一就…
Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.
Everytime,eachtime每次 whenever
Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.
2.条件状语从句
引导状语从句的连接词有:
If 如,unless 除,aslongas 只,As(so)faras---incase 万,
providedthat 假,onconditionthat 若,以
If---
Ifyoudonthurryup,youwillmisstheplane.
Unless---,除非=ifnot
Wecantgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight
Aslongas---
Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.
As(so)faras---所知
AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.
Incase---使,如果
Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.
Providedthat果,that
The  plane  will  be  in  good  condition  provided  that  it  is  taken  care  of
carefully.
Onconditionthat---条件
Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneasked
himtospeak.
注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.
3.地点状语从句
状语有两:Where,wherever
Where---在
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Wherever---哪里
Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.
4.原因状语从句
because,as,since,nowthat,和 consideringthat,seeingthat六个用于
表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个.
Because---,通常在主句后.
MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.
As---,通常在句首
Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.
Since---,然(知的原因)
Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.
Nowthat---
Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.
consideringthat---
Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.
seeingthat---由于
Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeeting
off.
5.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:that,sothat,so…that…
suchthatSothat---……so后面形容,有时略 so 只
that
Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb .
Sothat---便,为时 so
Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.
Suchthat…---……以与 sothat 但 such用名词。
Theforeignvisitorwas suchafastspeaker thatnobody couldunderstand
him.
6.目的状语从句
目的句的词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest
(So)that---便,从句中常常使用一: can,could,may,might,
should 等
Letstakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.
inorderthat---,与 sothat同从句中常常使用一: can,
could,may,might,should 等
Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadof
thestorm.
forfearthat---;了防止(某事)
Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
incase---
Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.
Lest---万一
Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.
7.让步
引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 有 : Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,no
matter,however,whatever,while,whether.
Although,though---although和 though但 although
。Though 可装。
Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.
Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidntsucceed.
As---as引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与 though
Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.
Evenif/eventhough---使
Evenifyoudontlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.
However---不论,however引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装
Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.
Nomatter(what,when,where,how)---无论时,
Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.
Whatever---
Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewontchangehermind.
While---尽管
WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.
Whether---与 ornot连用
Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.
8.方式状语从句
状语:as,asif,asthough
as---
DoinRomeastheRomansdo.
asif,asthough---仿,由 asif asthough 引导的可用
Shestoodatthedoorasif(=asthough)shewerewaitingforsomeone.

标签: #总结

摘要:

宾语从句 一、定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 that:  I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”:  I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know wheth...

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