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高中英语考试复合句总结

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英语基础概念:主句+=复合句
1有关概念
由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句,就是
在复合句中起统领作用的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从
句则是复合句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。如:
You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在
这两句都是复合句,第一句的主句是 You’ll feel better,从句是 after you
take the pillsafter 引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,表示时间;第二句
的主句是 The police learned 是主句,that he wasnt there at that time
从句,由 that 引导,在整个复合句中用作宾语。
注意,英语的复合句不是简单句的反面,不要将它误解为“复杂句”。事实
上,英语的简单句有时也可以比较“复杂”,而复合句也可以比较“简单”。
He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”,却是一个典型的复合句,其中的 he stopped 句,
because he was tired 是从句,在复合句中用作状语,表示原因。
2从句的分类
前面我们说到从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分,它可以用作主语、宾语、
定语、状语等。一般说来,一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什
么从句——从句在复合句用作主语,我们就叫它为主语从句;从句在复合句
用作宾语,我们就叫它为宾语从句;从句在复合句用作状语,我们就叫它为
状语从句;等等。
He answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他不知情。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
He was rather pleased when he won that prize. 他获奖后相当高兴。
She was not in the train that arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列车上。
第一句中的 that he knew nothing about it 为宾语从句,因为它在复合句中
用作动词 answered 的宾语;第二句中的 that I have lost his address 为表语
从句,因为它在复合句中用在连系动词 is 后作表语;第三句中的 when he
won that prize 为状语从句,因为它在复合句中用状语,表示时间,所以也
叫时间状语从句;第四句中的 that arrived just now 为定语从句,因为它在
复合句中用作定语,修饰名词 the train
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:¨用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物
动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如:
 ¨
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二:¨准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也
能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that ¨C. on which ¨D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where  B. that ¨C. on which  D. the one
答案:例 1 D,例 2 A
1变为肯定句:¨
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
2变为肯定句:
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
1中,所缺部分为宾语,而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作
用,只有 the one 既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代
词,所以应选 D¨
2, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词
where,又因 in the museum 词组,可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而
此题中,介词 on 用的不对,所以选 A
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,
选择关系代词¨(who, whom, that, which, whose);¨先行词在从句中做状
语时,应选择关系副词¨( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状
)
语法小知识:主将从现的标志词
主将从现是一种出现在状语从句中的语法现象,多指在时间状语从句和条件
状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时态,则从句要用一般现在时替代一般将来
因为主将从现出现在状语从句中,在这里我们就以状语从句的几个类别为根
据来列举主将从现的标志性词语。
时间状语从句
when, whenever, since, till, once, as soon as, while, as, before, after
I will be a math teacher when I grow up.
条件状语从句
if, unless, as(so)long as
If I have extra money, I will pay the bill for you.
原因状语从句
because, since, as, for, now that
The tutor will leave here now that you have no problems.
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, however
Though you have advantages in this match, I will not give up.
目的状语从句
in order that, so that, that
In order that Lily can get the prize, we will have a planin detail.
在条件状语从句中,如果主语是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。
一个句子的中心意思体现在主句中,所以判断是否使用主将从现首先要做的
是区分主从句。当找到主句,分析其时态为一般将来时或借助某些结构表达
将来含义时,则从句使用一般现在时态。
1.用“连词+分词”来替代从句
当主句和从句的主语一致,谓语的时态又是同时段发生,可以把从句的主语
省去,变谓语动词为现在分词或过去分词。如果分词的或时间意义不
确,还可以连词。
Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats.
们一喝饮料用其它的,一却在一起
While speaking out against Hitlers atrocities, the American people gener
ally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.
虽然美国人谴责希特勒是他们却一政策和中立态
Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting for
m when shaped in a mold.
注:如果从句的谓语是系动词 be,在简句型时应be 动词being
是由于 being 语义意义,所以可以省略,这词作状语了。
These apples, when ripe, are picked.
果一了就要下来。
She knows all the hazards of smoking while pregnant.
道怀孕切危害
2.用“介词+分词”来替代从句
一般说来,用 on at 表示“as soon as, onceon 后面常“来、去”
类的词,at 后面常到”类的词。in 动作的词,
相对于从连词“while
On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged wh
ere the crystals had covered them.
当他把时,发现子上方雾蒙蒙,他吃了一
In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.
的时听见钟敲二下。
He jumped with joy at hearing the news.
到这个就高兴了起来。
3.用“介词+动作性名词”来替代从句
同上面一At soundsight类的词;on
“回来、到达”类的词;用 induring 表示“when, while”over 表示
while意。当,这一都是相对的分类。
The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.
过去了。
In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything o
n the way.
当我们急急忙忙上什么也
On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.
当他到达,他发现已经开走
He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.
但进,了这个念
During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?
在我不在的时
He fell asleep over a book.
的时候睡着
After reelection he announces that he will not help.
番考虑后,他提供任何帮
After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.
毕业之后,他去了美国攻读博士
4.用“列句”代替
Two other poses were tried and I emerged from the booth to find a lot pe
ople waiting for my signatures.
了两个其他的姿后,我从拍照亭里出来,发现在那里等
名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同语从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其
相同,分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同语。上这四种从句
为名词性从句。所有的名词性从句不能用它们都用相同
词,关词如下:
主从连词:that (无意义), whether (是否), if ()在句子中不充当
代词:who (), whom (), whose (), what (), which (
)
副词:when (什么时), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (
)
主从连词只起连作用,连代词和连了起连,还充当从
句某一个成分。,可以用 whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever
代词引导名词性从句,来
主语从句subjectclause
在主句中用作主语的主谓结构为主语从句。
例如:
That he will come to the discussion is certain.参加讨论是确定的。
That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕
动,这是我们知的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide. 什么时
有决定。
主语从句在句首,句子常常笨重,因此通常可以把 it 在句首,
主语,而将主语从句在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.
It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.
It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.
宾语从句objectclause
在主句中作谓语动词、介词及谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构为宾语从句。
在引导宾语从句时,从that 语中和式文本中常省略。
1动词后的宾语从句
We know that a parrot cant really speak.我们知道鹦鹉
He wants to tell us what he thinks.想告诉我们他所的事情。
Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the house.
了,于是他们决定在室内工(现在分词 knowing 的宾语从句)
I want to know whether/if you still work in the factory.
你是否还在工厂工to know 的宾语从句
The club will give whoever wins a prize. 部将
Up to now we can’t say whether his theory can stand the test.
到目前为我们还不能说他的经得住考验
2)形容词的宾语从句
形容词可以用 that 引导宾语从句,表示说对某一事物的态度并带
色彩的这类词有:
afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad,
grateful, happy, proud, sad, sorry, sure, surprised ¨¨
I am glad that you have come. 你来了,我高兴。
I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.你在这点上是误的。
He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.心通过这
表语从句predicativeclause
在主句中当表语的主谓结构为表语从句。
One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种
The problem is where we can hold our meeting.题是我们可以在
My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.
信息怎样储长期记忆中的。
That is what he really wants.那就是他要的西
It seems that everything goes smoothly.得很顺利
语从句
语从句用于对前面出现的名词作一步说,一般用连词 that 引导,由
于先行名词的意义不同,也可用 whether,who,when,where,what,why,how
等引导。
的先行名词有:
fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,proble
m,report,decision.有时由于谓语较,将同语从句于谓语后。如:
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
名词性从句的用法及定义
1that 引导主语从句时,that 有意义,不能省略。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.发正在变,这使
that 引导主语从句,it 主语,that 不能省略。¨
That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 知,她是个
that 引导主语从句,that 不能省略。
可以it 主语的句型。
2从句作主语时,多下由 it 主语,而把主语从句在后面,
其是谓语部分(包括下。¨
It wasnt very clear what she meant. 她是什么意思。
It is important that he should come on time. 时来是要的。
It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here.
地的一,这是的。这里,第一个 that 引导主语从句,是
的连词,无词义,不作句子成分。第二个 that 是指示代词,作句子成分,
man 的定语。

标签: #考试 #总结

摘要:

英语基础概念:主句+从句=复合句1有关概念由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句,就是在复合句中起统领作用的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。如:You’llfeelbetterafteryoutakethepills.吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Thepolicelearnedthathewasn’tthereatthattime.警察获知他那时不在场。这两句都是复合句,第一句的主句是You’llfeelbetter,从句是afteryoutakethepills,由after引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,表示时间;第二...

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