高中英语语法填空6个易错点整理
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定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词有 that,which,who(宾格 whom),所有
格whose)和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副
词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词 that,which,who,whom
等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose 在从句中作定语,而关系副
词when,where,why 等在从句中作状语。
① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked
together.
② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析
在句①中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是状语,
所以用关系副词 when 来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词 the
days;
而在句②中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是动词
spent 的宾语,所以用关系代词 that 或which 来代指。
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副
词where 或why 来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用
which 或that 来代替。
① This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)
② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作
宾语)
注:当先行词为 time,reason, place 时,引导词可以省略。
① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble
with my boss.
② That is the reason (why) I did it.
③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外,
定语从句中谓语动词数应与先行词数一致。
① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at
the party.
② He is one of the students who were praised by the
teacher.
解析
在句①中,先行词 foreigner 被only 修饰,强调只有一个,所以
从句中谓语动词用单数形式。
而在句②中,who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the students,
为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。
名词性从句中的易错点
*that 引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是
修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说
明前面名词的内容。与that 从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实
或概念的抽象名词,如:fact,news,belief,truth,reply 等。That
在定语从句中必须作成分,可用 which 或who/whom 代替,而
that 在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。t
① Along with the letter was his promise that he would
visit me this coming Christmas.
② Do you still remember the chicken farm that we
visited three months ago.
解析
在句①中,that 引导同位语从句解释说明 promise 的内容,that
不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。
而在句②中,that 在其引导的定语从句中作动词 visited 的宾语,
对先行词 the chicken farm 起修饰作用。
*名词性从句中,关于 it 作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1) 名
词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语
或形式宾语。
It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主
语)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.
(形式宾语)
2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make
等接由 if 或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾
语it.
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday
party. 3)动词 hare, take, hide, punish, put 等,后接由
that 引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语 it.
① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had fi nished the project
ahead of time.
4)短语动词 answer for, count on depend on, insist
on, see to 等后接有 that 引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾
语it.
① I’m counting on it that you will come.
② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.
注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用 it.
代词 it、one、that 用法与区别
One 泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相
当于 a+名词单数,其复数形式 ones 前一般要有定语,否则就要
用some. That(those 复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,
相当于 the+名词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。
It 指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,还可表示时间、距离、
天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主语,
形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配.如 get it, catch
it, make it.① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy
one.(代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个)
② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?(代指上文提到
的同一事物)
③ The land of China is larger than that of America.
④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one. (或 two blue
ones)
⑤ He has no child, and he wants to adopt one. (或
some)
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的易错点① if my lawyer
had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented
me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a
college student now. 句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使
用,从句中都是假设过去的情况,所以用过去完成时。
但在主句中,句①依然指代过去的情况,谓语动词是 would
have done。
而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语 now, 这样就必须将其理解
为假设现在的情况,所以谓语动词必须为 would/should/might+
动词原形。
学生在这一点上经常会忽略 now 的存在,从而按句①的形式填
写答案。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that
句子或者 It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded,
advised……)+that 句子中,主语从句中的谓语动词常用
(should)+动词原形结构,表示某事“重要”、“必要”、
“被决定”等 ① it is important that everyone (should )
obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held
tomorrow afternoon.
反意疑问句中的易错点
1.在一般疑问句中,无论肯定的问或是否定的问,如果回答为肯
定则用 yes,反之则用 no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗
示的意义。
① —Are you a new comer? —Yes, I came here only
yesterday.
② —Isn’t Tom a good student? —Yes, he is
excellent.
③ —Don’t you think the composition good? —No, It
can’t be any worse. 注意:在②③句中,当回答的意思与问
句相一致时,则用 No,译为“是的”,当回答的意思与问句相
反时,则用 Yes,译为“不”
2. 情态动词 must
① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?
② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?(表推测)
③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ?
(表现在的结果)
④ He must have finished his homework yesterday
afternoon,didn’t he? (表过去) 当句子中有表示猜测的情态
动词时,其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词,而应
根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。
非谓语动词中的易错点
非谓语与其逻辑主语(即动作的执行者或承受者)之间有三种关
系:
如为主谓关系,则用现在分词或不定式的主动式;
如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动(强调动作正在进
行)或不定式的被动式(动作将进行);
如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构(即
非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语)
例句
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had
a hard time passing the exam. 解析:从这个句子可以看
出,句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语 he 一致,并且是主谓关系,
所以用了现在的分词作状语,同时,分词的动作明显地发生在句
子的谓语动词动作之前,故采用了现代分词的完成式。
In order to improve English , ____. A. Jenny’s father
bought her a lot of tapes. B. Jenny’s father bought a
lot of tapes for herself. C. A lot of tapes were bought
by Jenny. D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
father. 解析:根据不定式短语我们可以推知,句子的逻辑主语
应该是人而不是物,所以,应该排除 CD,再就是应该是Jenny
提高自己的英语,而不是她爸爸,故答案先 B.
标签: #易错
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定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。 ①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析在...
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时间:2024-10-06