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高中英语:动词的分类知识点

3.0 2024-10-06 0 0 19.96KB 4 页 7库币 海报
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1. (verb)是表示动作或状态的词。
1)表示动作:swim 游泳;push
2)表示状态:have be
2. 英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。
.
1. 谓语动词和非谓语动词
从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1) 谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如:
He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。
2) 非谓语动词
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语
没有人称和数的变化。
I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)
Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)
I heard them singing the Internationale 。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(
)
Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。
(过去分词)
2. 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态
(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1) 实义动词
实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:
The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。
He likes to go for a long walk on sun days.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步
We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。
2) 连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有 be()seem(
)look( 看 来 )keep(保 持 )become( 变 成 )get(变 得 )grow(变 得 )
feel()turn(变得,变成)appear()remain(仍旧是)等。如:
It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。
It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。
The children in this nursery look very healthy. 这个托儿所的孩子看起来都
非常健康。
Keepquietplease!请安静!
The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。
Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。
The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。
[]下面句子中的 come go 也是连系动词。如:
The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。
Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。
[] 有些连系动词如 seem, appear 等后面常跟 to be。如:
The new text seems to be easybut actually it is rather dicult.
文好像很容易,其实相当难。
She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。
3) 情态动词
can ()may ()must()
必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语
动词。
4)
shallwillhavebeshouldwould do
动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中
的谓语动词。
3. 及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1) 及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion. 我相信委员会将
会考虑我们的
"How long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.里问:"我可以
?"
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩立了好
Crude oil contains many useful substances.含有许
2) 不及物动词
身 意 义 完 整 后 面 不 须 跟 宾 语 的 实 义 动 词 , 叫 做 不 及 物 动 (intransitive
verb)
Birds y.
It happened in June 1932.生于一三;年
My watch stopped.我的表
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 的会言。
3) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不实义动词可以作及物动词和不及物动词。这的动词又有两
a) 作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin 作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
(began 作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是开芝加哥(leave
物动词)
They left last week. 他们是(left 作不及物动词)
b) 作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不。如:
Wash your hands before meals.手。
Does this cloth wash well? ?
4) 与汉语的比较
有时英语动词的及物和不及物的
a)
arrive agree listen 听。英语里这动词后面常接词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon. 我们于中(at
)(We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
(to 不可)(We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?意这个计划吗?(to )
b)
serve
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.
以全心全意为人
4. 短语动词
(phrasal
verb)。和动词一语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。语动词可以作
为一个整体看动词一使
1) 动词 +
语动词作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:
The small boy insisted on going with his parents.持要跟
Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗?
Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?孩子们。他们!
We stand for self-reliance.我们是主力更生的。
depend on (upon)(*)wait on ( )
look for ()deal with()look after(照料)wait for()
2) +
语动词有的作及物动词,有的作不及物动词。如:
I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 打铃就(不及物)
Look outthere's a car coming! 当心,来!(不及物)
Have you handed in your exercises already? 已经交练习?()
Please don't forget to put on your coat it's cold outside.穿
()
这一类的语动词,及物如 put out ( ) eat up ()put
down();不及物如 set off ()come up()go on()
[]"+"" + "
"+ "" + "物,
有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在
宾语之后。
Please wake me up at five tomorrow.天早上五点唤醒我。
If you have done your exercises please hand them in.
She doesn't normally behave like thatshe's putting it on.
表现,她是出来的。
[]这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如:
He took o his hat when he entered the oce.(
)
The plane took off at seven sharp.机在(不及物)
Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.
会的时()
If you can't comeplease ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话
我们一(不及物)
3) 动词 + 副词 +
语动词"动词 + "后有的可以词,形成语动词。
语动词作及物动词。如:
Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment
。我们必须继续试验(go on with )
He came up to me.到我跟(come up to )
look down upon()do away with()put up
with()
4) 动词 + 名词 +
语动词也是及物的。如
He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.
Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in
after=school activities. 少先队
Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.
Her job is taking care of the babies.照顾婴
put an end to ()take notice of ()catch
hold of ()lose sight of(看不见)make use of()

标签: #知识点

摘要:

一、动词概况1.动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。1)表示动作:swim游泳;push推2)表示状态:have有;be是2.英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。二.动词的分类1.谓语动词和非谓语动词从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。1)谓语动词有人称和数的变化。如:Heisatractordriver.他是一个拖拉机手。Factsaremoreeloquentthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.我们的朋友遍天下。Anapplefallsbytheforceofgravitation.地心吸力使苹果落...

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